Quick reference
Word types and endings
- Nouns
- Common nouns: -mi, -me, -ma, -pi, -pe, -pa, -ni, -ne, -na, -ti, -te, -ta,
-ki, -ke, -ka
- Associative nouns: -dre (prefix), -gre (prefix), -dri (postfix), -dre
(postfix)
- Structural nouns: -li
- Names: start with an uppercase letter
- Verbs
- 0-verb: -m
- 1-verb: -s
- 1-2-verb: -t
- 1-3-verb: -b
- 1-2-3-verb: -p
- 2-verb: -g
- 2-3-verb: -v
- 3-verb: -n
- Modifiers: -l (postfix), -r (prefix)
- Pronouns: h-
Inflections and derivations
For the meanings of the inflections and derivations, refer to each word type’s
grammar page.
Nouns
| Name | Suffix | Gloss | Terminal | New type |
|---|
| Possession | -nsa | POS | Yes | Noun |
| Attributive identity | -l (postfix)
-r (prefix) | AID | Yes | Modifier |
| Predicative identity | -s | PID | No | 1-verb |
| Quality | -re | QUA | No | Noun |
| Standalone | -m | LON | No | 0-verb |
0-verbs
| Name | Suffix | Gloss | Terminal | New type |
|---|
| Complete | -io | COM | Yes | 0-verb |
| Hypothetical | -ia | HYP | Yes | 0-verb |
| Optative | -ie | OPT | Yes | 0-verb |
| Gerund | -ea | GER | No | Noun |
| Instance | -ai | INS | No | Noun |
1-verbs
| Name | Suffix | Gloss | Terminal | New type |
|---|
| Complete | -io | COM | Yes | 1-verb |
| Hypothetical | -ia | HYP | Yes | 1-verb |
| Optative | -ie | OPT | Yes | 1-verb |
| Gerund | -ea | GER | No | Noun |
| Instance | -ai | INS | No | Noun |
| Imperative | -ei | IMP | Yes | 0-verb |
| Hortative | -ou | HOR | Yes | 0-verb |
| Partial-1 | -raam | P1 | No | 0-verb |
| Argument-1 | -aa | A1 | No | Noun |
1-2-verbs
| Name | Suffix | Gloss | Terminal | New type |
|---|
| Complete | -io | COM | Yes | 1-2-verb |
| Hypothetical | -ia | HYP | Yes | 1-2-verb |
| Optative | -ie | OPT | Yes | 1-2-verb |
| Gerund | -ea | GER | No | Noun |
| Instance | -ai | INS | No | Noun |
| Imperative | -ei | IMP | Yes | 2-verb |
| Hortative | -ou | HOR | Yes | 2-verb |
| Partial-1 | -raag | P1 | No | 2-verb |
| Partial-2 | -ros | P2 | No | 1-verb |
| Shift-2 | -ret | S2 | No | 1-2-verb |
1-2-3-verbs
| Name | Suffix | Gloss | Terminal | New type |
|---|
| Complete | -io | COM | Yes | 1-2-3-verb |
| Hypothetical | -ia | HYP | Yes | 1-2-3-verb |
| Optative | -ie | OPT | Yes | 1-2-3-verb |
| Gerund | -ea | GER | No | Noun |
| Instance | -ai | INS | No | Noun |
| Imperative | -ei | IMP | Yes | 2-3-verb |
| Hortative | -ou | HOR | Yes | 2-3-verb |
| Partial-1 | -raav | P1 | No | 2-3-verb |
| Partial-2 | -rob | P2 | No | 1-3-verb |
| Partial-3 | -rut | P3 | No | 1-2-verb |
| Shift-1 | -rap | S1 | No | 1-2-3-verb |
| Shift-2 | -rep | S2 | No | 1-2-3-verb |
| Shift-3 | -rip | S3 | No | 1-2-3-verb |
1-3-verbs
| Name | Suffix | Gloss | Terminal | New type |
|---|
| Complete | -io | COM | Yes | 1-3-verb |
| Hypothetical | -ia | HYP | Yes | 1-3-verb |
| Optative | -ie | OPT | Yes | 1-3-verb |
| Gerund | -ea | GER | No | Noun |
| Instance | -ai | INS | No | Noun |
| Imperative | -ei | IMP | Yes | 3-verb |
| Hortative | -ou | HOR | Yes | 3-verb |
| Partial-1 | -raan | P1 | No | 3-verb |
| Partial-3 | -rus | P3 | No | 1-verb |
| Shift-3 | -rip | S3 | No | 1-2-3-verb |
2-verbs
| Name | Suffix | Gloss | Terminal | New type |
|---|
| Hypothetical | -ia | HYP | Yes | 2-verb |
| Complete | -io | COM | Yes | 2-verb |
| Optative | -ie | OPT | Yes | 2-verb |
| Gerund | -ea | GER | No | Noun |
| Instance | -ai | INS | No | Noun |
| Partial-2 | -rom | P2 | No | 0-verb |
| Argument-2 | -o | A2 | No | Noun |
2-3-verbs
| Name | Suffix | Gloss | Terminal | New type |
|---|
| Complete | -io | COM | Yes | 2-3-verb |
| Hypothetical | -ia | HYP | Yes | 2-3-verb |
| Optative | -ie | OPT | Yes | 2-3-verb |
| Gerund | -ea | GER | No | Noun |
| Instance | -ai | INS | No | Noun |
| Partial-2 | -ron | P2 | No | 3-verb |
| Partial-3 | -rug | P3 | No | 2-verb |
| Shift-3 | -riv | S3 | No | 1-2-3-verb |
3-verbs
| Name | Suffix | Gloss | Terminal | New type |
|---|
| Complete | -io | COM | Yes | 3-verb |
| Hypothetical | -ia | HYP | Yes | 3-verb |
| Optative | -ie | OPT | Yes | 3-verb |
| Gerund | -ea | GER | No | Noun |
| Instance | -ai | INS | No | Noun |
| Partial-3 | -rum | P3 | No | 0-verb |
| Argument-3 | -n | A3 | No | Noun |